Acid
|
Substance, when dissociating, will release H+ ions into the solution |
| Anion |
A negatively charged ion |
| Anion exchange |
The displacement of negatively charged particles by another on an anion exchange material |
| Backwash |
The upward flow of water through a resin bed to clean and reclassify the bed |
| Base |
Substance, when dissociating, will release OH- ions into the solution |
| Capacity |
The ability of an ion exchange material to bind ions. Usually expressed as eq/l or meq/g |
| Cation |
A positively charged ion |
| Cation exchange |
The displacement of positively charged particles by another on a cation exchange material |
| Co-ion |
Ion in the solution bearing the same charge as functional groups |
| Counter-ion |
Ion, which balances the functional group’s charge and it must be the opposite value (electroneutrality). Counter-ions will be changed to other ions present in the surrounding solution. |
| Cross-linkage |
The degree of binding of a monomer to form an insoluble resin matrix |
| Demineralization |
The removal of minerals and mineral salts from a liquid |
| Functional group |
A functional group which has attached chemically to the matrix. The electricity has always been balanced with a counter-ion. |
| Gel type resin |
Resin with porosity 20-80 Å |
| Hardness (of water) |
Caused by Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions |
| Ion exchanger |
Insoluble three dimensional netcopolymer having fixed ionic-form groups, which are chemically bonded into the copolymer |
| Iso-electric point |
The exact pH value at which dissociation of both groups are equal |
| Macroporous resin |
Resin with porosity 300-5000 Å |
| Matrix |
Polymeric three dimensional skeleton of the ion exchange resin, usually styrene-divinylbenzene |
| Mean particle size |
The average size of resin particles |
| Moisture content |
The water content (centrifuged) of resin, depends on the cross-linking degree |
| pH |
pH is a measurement of the acidity of a solution. pH 7 is neutral, pH < 7 acidic and pH > 7 basic |
| Regeneration |
Reactivation of used resin |
| SAC |
Strong acid cation |
| SBA |
Strong base anion |
| Selectivity |
The difference in attraction of one ion over another by an ion exchange resin |
| Size distribution |
The distribution of particle size. Typically presented as ± 20% of the mean particle size |
| Softening |
Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions exchange to Na+ in water |
| Strong acid |
Will be dissociated throughout the whole pH-range (nitric acid, hydrochloric acid) |
| Strong base |
Will be dissociated throughout the whole pH-range (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide) |
| Sulfonic acid |
An acidic group -SO3H, the functional group of a cation exchange resin |
| Uniformity Coefficient, U.C. |
The ratio of the sieve size that will permit passage 60% of the resin by weight to the sieve size that will permit passage of 10% |
| WAC |
Weak acid cation |
| WBA |
Weak base anion |
| Weak acid |
Will be dissociated only on a certain pH-range (acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid) |
| Weak base |
Will be dissociated only on a certain pH-range (ammonia, amines) |
| Conversion factors: |
| 1 ft3 = 28,316 l |
| 1 lb = 0,454 kg |
| 10 µS/cm = 1 mS/m |
| F ° = 1,8 · t(C °) + 32 |
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